From what I can tell, France has a large chunk of nuclear and a solid amount of renewables. Still, it's not fully decarbonized yet: https://www.iea.org/countries/france
Denmark is coming close to full decarbonization. On occasion, they have days where their electricity demand can be met by renewables. But even they have a large number of fossil fuels in their total energy mix: https://www.iea.org/countries/denmark
For them, it was proper policy decisions + energy policy partnerships (across multiple parties) since the 1970s oil crisis.
As for Germany: Solid progress with renewables but large reliance on natural gas.
Denmark relies heavily on dirty imports, and their ratepayers pay the highest electricity rates in the developed world ~$0.36/kWh. Germany coming in second @ ~$0.34/kWh. And it was very high before Putin cut off the gas exports. “Renewables are cheap” they say…
France decarbonized its grid in 15 years. What’s taking Germany so long?
Which time frame are you talking about?
From what I can tell, France has a large chunk of nuclear and a solid amount of renewables. Still, it's not fully decarbonized yet: https://www.iea.org/countries/france
Denmark is coming close to full decarbonization. On occasion, they have days where their electricity demand can be met by renewables. But even they have a large number of fossil fuels in their total energy mix: https://www.iea.org/countries/denmark
For them, it was proper policy decisions + energy policy partnerships (across multiple parties) since the 1970s oil crisis.
As for Germany: Solid progress with renewables but large reliance on natural gas.
Denmark relies heavily on dirty imports, and their ratepayers pay the highest electricity rates in the developed world ~$0.36/kWh. Germany coming in second @ ~$0.34/kWh. And it was very high before Putin cut off the gas exports. “Renewables are cheap” they say…
https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/cost-of-electricity-by-country
France enjoyed 64g gCO2e/kWh, and ~$0.18/kWh prices in 2021. Germany, 330g intensity & $0.34.
France is getting electricity at ⅕ the carbon intensity of Germany, at ½ the price, bonkers! 🇫🇷 = Climate 🐐
Might be worth a deep dive on how they did that, and what a modern Messmer plan might look like…